Although 3D printing allows the rapid fabrication of millifluidic and microfluidic devices with high resolution, little has been reported on 3D-printed fluidic devices with bubble trapping systems. Perfusion chambers are widely used for live-cell imaging in cell biology research however, air-bubble invasion is a pervasive problem in perfusion systems. The advent of 3D-printing technologies has had a significant effect on the development of medical and biological devices.
